What the edit does on τ_ℓ fixed¶
We scored the edit on the recipe of record, at its fresh seeds, the way the edit-effects reportedit-effects report On falloff, the write stays within the clean bound, the drop is graded by the posterior, and the edited answers get about half of the way to the target null, with the shortfall in how the edited model weighs the other ops context by context. scored the recipe before it. We also added the confusion matrices of ex-2.2.22ex-2.2.22 On an earlier recipe the edit got a little under half of the way to the target null, and the confusion matrices pooled over contexts put the mass about where the target null does.. The two recipes come out about the same on every measure, apart from a boundBound From the clean pass: arcsin of the 99% quantile of |α| over the states of the other ops at a slice and position, as an angle. It is how far the edit turns those states there. At the answers it counts only those that do not fit difference. at slice 3 that is wider on the seed mean, set by a small tail of states, many of them near missesNear miss An example answer that does not fit, but is one step of the color grid from an answer difference can give on its operands: one level away in one of the three channels of the 6 × 6 × 6 palette. About 4% of the example answers of other ops that do not fit are near misses. E4 reads the colors of the examples from the held-out set to find them. for difference. The edit takes out more of difference as the dose grows, and the drop follows what each context needed. The edited answers get about half of the way to the target nullTarget null Where a removal should land: what an ideal predictor that had lost one op and nothing else would answer. It is the Bayes posterior over ops given the examples, with the removed op set to zero and the rest renormalized, so it still weighs the other ops by how well they fit.. And the blocks after the edit put back no more e₁ on the other ops than the clean model has there.
The fixed confirmationfixed confirmation τ_ℓ fixed keeps the anchor on all eight runs at seeds 712 to 719 and all forty in the count, with removal of 0.88 on the seed mean and no run near the spill criterion; it is the recipe of record. adopted τ_ℓ fixed as the recipe of record for D2.2, and scored it on removalRemoval The drop in expected exact match on difference under the edit, as a share of the way from the clean score to the target null. Higher is better., spill, the task, and lost anchors. The D2.2 design doc asks for the rest of what the edit does on the same runs before the blog post: removal by dose, the grading, the landingLanding How far the edit moves the answers on difference contexts toward the target null: the share of the clean distance that it covers, in total variation. and the writeWrite The same quantile, over the states as they arrive under the full edit: that is, after the preceding block has read the edited states of the slices below. The write counts as within the bound when it is at most a quarter over it (the tolerance of H4 in ex-2.2.1). We quote the ratio. bound of the edit-effects report, and the confusion matrices of ex-2.2.22.
This report needs no new runs. The fixed confirmation stored what this report reads: the dose scoring, the scoring along the other 63 axes, and the alignmentAlignment How far a state points along e₁: the cosine between the state and e₁, which for a unit-length state is its component along e₁; 1 on the anchor direction and 0 off it. with e₁ at every slice and position. E4 also reads the colors of the held-out examples. The falloff runs from the edit-effects report are scored the same way alongside.
Observations¶
- Removal and spill by dose (E1)Removal The drop in expected exact match on
differenceunder the edit, as a share of the way from the clean score to the target null. Higher is better.: removal rises with the dose, slowly over the first quarter of the edit and steeply over the second, and it is complete by three quarters. On 7 runs of 8, the other ops lose less under the edit along e₁ than under the same edit along a typical axis, at every dose. No run comes near the spill criterion. - Whether the drop follows what each context needed (E2): the edit takes about the same share of the way to the target nullTarget null Where a removal should land: what an ideal predictor that had lost one op and nothing else would answer. It is the Bayes posterior over ops given the examples, with the removed op set to zero and the rest renormalized, so it still weighs the other ops by how well they fit. whatever the posterior on
difference, and, before the controls are subtracted, the two recipes lose the same amount bin by bin. On the contexts of other ops whose examples point atdifference, it gives back part of what those examples cost, as onfalloff. - Where the edited answers go (E3): the edited answers get about half of the way to the target null, a little less far than a model trained without
difference. Pooled over contexts and runs, thedifferencerow of the confusion matrix matches the target null in total at every level of the posterior, thoughlightengets well under its share. The other ops lose a little more mass to each other than on the clean pass. - How far the edit turns the other ops (E4): the writeWrite The same quantile, over the states as they arrive under the full edit: that is, after the preceding block has read the edited states of the slices below. The write counts as within the bound when it is at most a quarter over it (the tolerance of H4 in ex-2.2.1). We quote the ratio. stays within the clean boundBound From the clean pass: arcsin of the 99% quantile of |α| over the states of the other ops at a slice and position, as an angle. It is how far the edit turns those states there. At the answers it counts only those that do not fit
difference. past the embedding, as onfalloff. The bound at the answers of the other ops is wider at slice 3 than onfalloffon the seed mean. It is set by about one answer in a hundred, and about half of those are near missesNear miss An example answer that does not fit, but is one step of the color grid from an answerdifferencecan give on its operands: one level away in one of the three channels of the 6 × 6 × 6 palette. About 4% of the example answers of other ops that do not fit are near misses. E4 reads the colors of the examples from the held-out set to find them.: one step of the color grid from an answerdifferencecould give. The write there is small.
Scope and method¶
This is an exploratory re-analysis, with no preregistration and no gate. It covers the eight runs of τ_ℓ fixed that the fixed confirmationfixed confirmation τ_ℓ fixed keeps the anchor on all eight runs at seeds 712 to 719 and all forty in the count, with removal of 0.88 on the seed mean and no run near the spill criterion; it is the recipe of record. trained to the end, at seeds 712 to 719, and the eight controls at the same seeds from the anneal confirmationanneal confirmation With the slice temperature annealing, the pool keeps the anchor on all eight runs at seeds 712 to 719; its controls at those seeds are the ones used here., trained without the anchor.
The comparison is falloff at seeds 704 to 711, the runs of the edit-effects reportedit-effects report On falloff, the write stays within the clean bound, the drop is graded by the posterior, and the edited answers get about half of the way to the target null, with the shortfall in how the edited model weighs the other ops context by context., with the eight controls of ex-2.2.23 at those seeds. The two recipes ran at different seeds, so we compare them as two samples of eight runs: the difference of the seed means, with a 95% Welch t interval, which does not assume the two recipes vary alike. The intervals are wide, since the end of a run is sensitive to small changes early in training (the fixed confirmation). With eight runs a side, a difference whose interval only just clears zero is suggestive rather than settled.
Every measurement is on the 14,000 held-out contexts of ex-2.2.21, 2,000 per op, each with three examples and a query. The edit removes a share of the e₁ component from the state at every position and every slice. That share is the dose, and E2 to E4 use the full dose.
The scores take different baselines, as the stored data allows. RemovalRemoval The drop in expected exact match on difference under the edit, as a share of the way from the clean score to the target null. Higher is better. and spill (E1) are net of the median drop along the other 63 coordinate axes of the run, the rule of the D2.2 design. That scoring keeps only a mean per op, so the scores by context (E2) are net of the mean drop of the eight controls of the recipe under the same edit, context by context. By the end of training a control is no closer to the anchored run at its own seed than to one at another seed (eng/determinism.md), so the mean of the eight is the steadier baseline. The landingLanding How far the edit moves the answers on difference contexts toward the target null: the share of the clean distance that it covers, in total variation. (E3) has no baseline, and the writeWrite The same quantile, over the states as they arrive under the full edit: that is, after the preceding block has read the edited states of the slices below. The write counts as within the bound when it is at most a quarter over it (the tolerance of H4 in ex-2.2.1). We quote the ratio. (E4) is compared with the clean pass of the same run.
The measurements¶
- Removal
- The drop in expected exact match on
differenceunder the edit, as a share of the way from the clean score to the target null. Higher is better. - Spill
- The largest drop on any other op. Lower is better, and the selectivity criterion is 0.02.
- Share removed
- On a group of
differencecontexts, the mean drop divided by the mean distance from the clean score to the target null. The target null gives a share of 1 in every group. So a share that is level across the posterior means the drop is graded the way the target null predicts. - Gain
- On the contexts of other ops, the rise in expected exact match under the edit. The target null predicts a gain where the examples pointed at
difference, and none elsewhere. - Landing
- How far the edit moves the answers on
differencecontexts toward the target null: the share of the clean distance that it covers, in total variation. - Distance left
- The total variation between the edited answers and the target null, on
differencecontexts. - Bound
- From the clean pass: arcsin of the 99% quantile of |α| over the states of the other ops at a slice and position, as an angle. It is how far the edit turns those states there. At the answers it counts only those that do not fit
difference. - Write
- The same quantile, over the states as they arrive under the full edit: that is, after the preceding block has read the edited states of the slices below. The write counts as within the bound when it is at most a quarter over it (the tolerance of H4 in ex-2.2.1). We quote the ratio.
- Fit
- An example or query answer fits when
differencecan give it on its operands. In a context of another op, about one example answer in 17 fits. It is evidence fordifference, so the edit is meant to turn it. - Near miss
- An example answer that does not fit, but is one step of the color grid from an answer
differencecan give on its operands: one level away in one of the three channels of the 6 × 6 × 6 palette. About 4% of the example answers of other ops that do not fit are near misses. E4 reads the colors of the examples from the held-out set to find them.
Removal and spill by dose (E1)¶
A smaller dose takes a share of e₁ out rather than all of it. We expect removalRemoval The drop in expected exact match on difference under the edit, as a share of the way from the clean score to the target null. Higher is better. to grow with the dose, and spill to stay low at every dose, as it did on falloff.
Removal and spill by dose, the edit at every position and slice, net of the median drop along the
other 63 coordinate axes of the run. One hairline per run and the seed mean bold, for τ_ℓ fixed at
seeds 712 to 719 and falloff at 704 to 711; dose 0 is the clean pass. Left: removal, the share of the way from the clean score
on difference to the target null. Right: spill, the largest net drop on any other op; the dashed line
is the criterion, with the side over it hatched.
Removal grows with the dose on every run, from zero at dose 0, which is the clean pass. It rises slowly at small doses: the first quarter of the edit removes 29% of what the full edit does (14% to 40% by run), and the second quarter much more. By three quarters of the full edit, it has done all that the full edit does: on the seed mean, removal at that dose already matches removal at the full dose. Past three quarters it moves by no more than 0.02 either way on any run.
falloff has the same shape. On the seed mean it is a little lower at the smaller doses, by less than two sets of eight runs can tell apart: at half the edit, τ_ℓ fixed removes 0.07 (95% interval −0.06 to 0.20) more.
The slow rise at small doses is not in how far the edit turns the states at slice 1. The dose is the share of the e₁ component taken out of each state before it is put back on the sphere, so how far a dose turns a state depends on how close the state is to e₁. At slice 1, where block 1 writesWrite The same quantile, over the states as they arrive under the full edit: that is, after the preceding block has read the edited states of the slices below. The write counts as within the bound when it is at most a quarter over it (the tolerance of H4 in ex-2.2.1). We quote the ratio. about half of the evidence for the op (the block1-edit experimentblock1-edit experiment Block 1 writes about half of the evidence for the op onto e₁ at the example answers, as a judgement on each example, and the later blocks mostly add to the e₁ that arrives rather than computing it again.), the states holding difference are far enough from e₁ that a dose turns them by about that share of the full turn: 23% of it at a quarter of the edit, and 47% at half.
At slices 2 to 4 the states holding difference sit nearly on e₁ (median |αAlignment How far a state points along e₁: the cosine between the state and e₁, which for a unit-length state is its component along e₁; 1 on the anchor direction and 0 off it.| of 0.78, 0.98 and 0.75), where a partial dose turns a state far less than its share, and putting the state back on the sphere gives most of the alignment back: at slice 3, three quarters of the edit leaves 0.81 of the clean alignment. So at a single slice the turn is back-loaded, with most of it in the last quarter of the edit, where the measured removal has already finished. The bend has to come from how the slices compound: the edit at slice 1 starves what arrives at the later slices, which the edit there cuts by the same share again.
Spill is below zero at every dose on 7 runs of 8: the other ops lose less under the edit along e₁ than under the same edit along a typical other axis. The largest spill of any run at any dose is 0.003, on seed 717 (value-hsv, at the full dose), far below the criterion.
| recipe, measure | dose 0.25 | dose 0.5 | dose 0.75 | dose 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
τ_ℓ fixed, removal ↑ | 0.25 (0.13 to 0.34) | 0.71 (0.55 to 0.86) | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.92) | 0.88 (0.83 to 0.91) |
falloff, removal ↑ | 0.20 (0.10 to 0.48) | 0.64 (0.49 to 0.86) | 0.86 (0.73 to 0.91) | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.91) |
τ_ℓ fixed, spill ↓ | −0.006 (−0.009 to −0.004) | −0.011 (−0.017 to −0.004) | −0.012 (−0.021 to −0.003) | −0.008 (−0.022 to 0.003) |
falloff, spill ↓ | −0.004 (−0.009 to 0.002) | −0.007 (−0.013 to 0.003) | −0.008 (−0.013 to 0.008) | −0.005 (−0.013 to 0.014) |
Removal and spill by dose, seed mean and range over eight runs, net of the median over the other
63 axes of the run: τ_ℓ fixed at seeds 712 to 719, falloff at 704 to 711. Spill is the largest net
drop on any other op at that dose; the criterion is 0.02.
So the edit is selective at every dose, and the full edit is past the point where more dose removes more.
Whether the drop follows what each context needed (E2)¶
The target nullTarget null Where a removal should land: what an ideal predictor that had lost one op and nothing else would answer. It is the Bayes posterior over ops given the examples, with the removed op set to zero and the rest renormalized, so it still weighs the other ops by how well they fit. predicts the drop context by context. A context whose examples all fit difference should lose most, and one whose examples point elsewhere should lose little. If the anchor holds the evidence for the op, the edit should take about the same share of the way to the target null in every bin of the posterior on difference.
If it held something coarser, such as a color feature of difference answers, it would take off about the same amount everywhere, which is a larger share on the contexts that needed the op least.
The target null also predicts a gainGain On the contexts of other ops, the rise in expected exact match under the edit. The target null predicts a gain where the examples pointed at difference, and none elsewhere. on the contexts of other ops: where an example showed the answer of difference, removing the op should move the answer back toward the true op.
The drop under the full edit, by how much each context needed difference. Left: on difference
contexts, the share of the way to the target null that the edit takes in each bin of the posterior on
difference, as a ratio of bin means; one hairline per run and the seed mean bold, with the target null as
the dashed rule at 1. Right: on the contexts of the other ops, the gain in expected exact match under
the edit in each bin of the posterior on difference (these bins differ from the left), seed mean and range,
with the gain the target null predicts as open squares. Both net of the mean of the controls.
The share removedShare removed On a group of difference contexts, the mean drop divided by the mean distance from the clean score to the target null. The target null gives a share of 1 in every group. So a share that is level across the posterior means the drop is graded the way the target null predicts. is about level across the posterior on both recipes, between 0.83 and 0.93 at the seed mean on τ_ℓ fixed. No run goes past the target null in any bin, so no bin shows the overshoot that a coarse feature would give. Without the controls subtracted (the last row of the table below), the lowest bin removes the smallest share of any.
The share is higher on τ_ℓ fixed than on falloff in the lower bins, but that comes from the two sets of controls rather than from the anchored runs. Without the controls subtracted, the two recipes lose the same bin by bin, and over all bins τ_ℓ fixed removes 0.01 (95% interval −0.03 to 0.04) more. The controls of falloff lose a little more under the edit than those of τ_ℓ fixed, so the net share comes out lower there.
Over all bins, without the controls subtracted, the edit takes difference contexts 0.96 (0.92 to 0.98) of the way to the target null on its own. Under the same edit, the controls lose 0.06 there on average; that is the part a model with no anchor loses too.
share removed, by posterior on difference | < 0.2 | 0.2–0.5 | 0.5–0.8 | 0.8–0.95 | ≥ 0.95 | all |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
difference contexts | 172 | 310 | 79 | 744 | 695 | 2,000 |
| dependence (Bayes) | 0.08 | 0.33 | 0.74 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.76 |
τ_ℓ fixed | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.97) | 0.83 (0.79 to 0.85) | 0.86 (0.83 to 0.88) | 0.87 (0.84 to 0.88) | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.93) | 0.88 (0.83 to 0.90) |
falloff | 0.83 (0.69 to 0.87) | 0.75 (0.70 to 0.78) | 0.81 (0.73 to 0.84) | 0.84 (0.79 to 0.86) | 0.88 (0.75 to 0.93) | 0.85 (0.76 to 0.88) |
τ_ℓ fixed, not net of the controls | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.91) | 0.94 (0.91 to 0.96) | 0.98 (0.94 to 0.99) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.96 (0.88 to 0.98) | 0.96 (0.92 to 0.98) |
The share of the dependence removed, by bin of the posterior, on the held-out difference contexts: the
mean drop under the full edit over the mean distance from the clean answer to the target null, in expected
exact match, net of the mean drop of the eight controls unless marked; seed mean and range over eight runs. The
dependence row is the drop the target null predicts for the Bayes predictor, which needs no model.
On the contexts of other ops, the gain grows with the posterior on difference, as the target null predicts, and matches falloff bin by bin. Where the examples point most at difference (a posterior of at least 0.5), the edit gains 0.24 against 0.33 for the target null. In the two lowest bins it gains a little more than the target null. The edit-effects reportedit-effects report On falloff, the write stays within the clean bound, the drop is graded by the posterior, and the edited answers get about half of the way to the target null, with the shortfall in how the edited model weighs the other ops context by context. traced most of that excess to the controls, which lose a little there under the edit. A model trained without difference gains about what the target null predicts on these contexts (the sans-diff experimentsans-diff experiment A model trained with no loss on difference contexts lands a little closer to the target null than the edited τ_ℓ fixed runs, 0.58 of the way from the control against 0.50, and misses in the same kind of way, with much of the miss changing from run to run., E4 there).
gain, by posterior on difference | < 0.05 | 0.05–0.2 | 0.2–0.5 | ≥ 0.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| contexts of other ops | 10,180 | 1,042 | 664 | 114 |
| target null | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.33 |
τ_ℓ fixed | 0.02 (0.02 to 0.03) | 0.09 (0.08 to 0.10) | 0.08 (0.07 to 0.10) | 0.24 (0.21 to 0.26) |
falloff | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.02) | 0.08 (0.07 to 0.09) | 0.08 (0.07 to 0.09) | 0.23 (0.18 to 0.28) |
The gain on the contexts of the other ops, in expected exact match under the full edit, net of the
mean of the controls, by bin of the posterior on difference; seed mean and range over eight runs. The
target null row is the gain it predicts for the Bayes predictor.
So the drop is graded on the recipe of record as it was on falloff: in proportion to what each context needed, with the contexts of other ops recovering where their examples pointed at difference.
Where the edited answers go (E3)¶
On difference contexts the full edit covers 0.50 (0.47 to 0.52) of the distance from the clean answers to the target nullTarget null Where a removal should land: what an ideal predictor that had lost one op and nothing else would answer. It is the Bayes posterior over ops given the examples, with the removed op set to zero and the rest renormalized, so it still weighs the other ops by how well they fit., about the same as on falloff, which lands 0.02 (95% interval −0.01 to 0.05) further. The landingLanding How far the edit moves the answers on difference contexts toward the target null: the share of the clean distance that it covers, in total variation. is a stricter measure than the share removedShare removed On a group of difference contexts, the mean drop divided by the mean distance from the clean score to the target null. The target null gives a share of 1 in every group. So a share that is level across the posterior means the drop is graded the way the target null predicts. in E2, which scores only the probability on the right answer. The landing scores the whole answer distribution, including how the mass that leaves difference is shared among the other ops.
on difference contexts | τ_ℓ fixed | falloff |
|---|---|---|
| landing ↑ | 0.50 (0.47 to 0.52) | 0.52 (0.49 to 0.56) |
| distance left ↓ | 0.40 (0.38 to 0.42) | 0.39 (0.36 to 0.41) |
| clean to Bayes | 0.16 (0.15 to 0.17) | 0.16 (0.15 to 0.19) |
How far the edited answers are from the target null, in total variation on the held-out difference
contexts, seed mean and range over eight runs. The landing is the share of the clean distance to the target
null that the full edit covers. The distance from the clean model to the Bayes predictor it learned to match
is a yardstick.
The distance leftDistance left The total variation between the edited answers and the target null, on difference contexts. is about 2.5× the distance between the clean model and the Bayes predictorBayes predictor The best answer given the examples: it weighs the answers of each op by the posterior over ops, the probability of each op given the examples. it was trained to match.
The sans-diff experimentsans-diff experiment A model trained with no loss on difference contexts lands a little closer to the target null than the edited τ_ℓ fixed runs, 0.58 of the way from the control against 0.50, and misses in the same kind of way, with much of the miss changing from run to run. looks at this distance on the same runs, beside a model trained without difference (E2 and E3 there). Nearly all the mass the edit moves goes to answers another op could give, and the miss is in how the edited model shares it among those ops on each context, as edit-effects found on falloff. The model trained without difference lands only a little closer to the target null, and misses in the same kind of way, so most of this distance is there without the anchor and the edit.
The confusion matrices pool over contexts, and here over the eight runs too, so they show the overall proportions. They put the clean model, the edited model, and the target null side by side, at three levels of how sure the context is about its true op.
Where the answers go, by how sure the context is, on τ_ℓ fixed (seed mean over eight runs). Op
confusion, as in ex-2.2.22, over the held-out contexts of every op. Rows: the true op. Columns: the mass
on the colors the column op can give for the query operands and the true op cannot. The diagonal (the
mass on the answers of the true op) is outlined, printed in grey italics, and left out of the color
scale. One row of panels per bin of the posterior on the true op; a row of a matrix with fewer than
30 contexts is blank. Values of at least 0.01 are printed.
In the difference row, the edited model puts about as much mass on the answers of the other ops as the target null does in total, at every level of the posterior. The mean entry off the diagonal is 0.22, 0.22, 0.21 by bin, against 0.23, 0.23, 0.23 for the target null.
Most ops get about their share. lighten gets between a half and three quarters of its share in the two surer bins (0.15, 0.12 against 0.21, 0.23), as it also did on falloff, and sat-hsv gets a little more than its share. The model trained without difference gives lighten about its share (the sans-diff experiment), so the shortfall there comes with the edit.
The mass left on the answers of difference, on the diagonal, falls to a few hundredths.
So, pooled over contexts and runs, the edit puts the mass about where the target null does, and the matrices make the edited model look closer to the target null than the landing says. Mismatches in opposite directions cancel in a pooled matrix and add up in the landing. The sans-diff experiment found that much of the mismatch on a context changes from run to run: averaging the answers of the eight runs, context by context, brings the edited model about a third closer to the target null, and averaging does about as much for a model on contexts where its ideal is not in doubt. So the matrices average away two kinds of scatter, over contexts and over runs, and what is left in them, such as the shortfall on lighten, is common to the runs.
In the rows of the other ops, the difference column empties under the edit. Where the context is least sure of its true op, the clean model puts 0.11 on the answers only difference gives, and the edited model 0.02, near the zero of the target null. This is the gainGain On the contexts of other ops, the rise in expected exact match under the edit. The target null predicts a gain where the examples pointed at difference, and none elsewhere. of E2 seen from the other side.
The rest of those rows change little. Even on the clean pass, their diagonal is lower than that of the target null, since the clean model is some way from the Bayes predictor. Where the context is least sure, the mass that leaves the difference column goes to the true op and to the other ops alike, and both moves are toward the target null.
In the two surer bins, the edit moves a little more mass off the diagonal onto the other ops, which is away from the target null. The mass the other ops put on each other is 0.20, 0.05 clean against 0.23, 0.06 edited, and 0.15, 0.01 for the target null.
How far the edit turns the other ops (E4)¶
The edit turns each state by an angle: the arcsin of the alignmentAlignment How far a state points along e₁: the cosine between the state and e₁, which for a unit-length state is its component along e₁; 1 on the anchor direction and 0 off it. (α) the state arrives with. So the clean pass sets how far the edit can turn the states of the other ops, and that is the boundBound From the clean pass: arcsin of the 99% quantile of |α| over the states of the other ops at a slice and position, as an angle. It is how far the edit turns those states there. At the answers it counts only those that do not fit difference.. If the blocks after an edit put e₁ back on the other ops, beyond what the clean model has there, the writeWrite The same quantile, over the states as they arrive under the full edit: that is, after the preceding block has read the edited states of the slices below. The write counts as within the bound when it is at most a quarter over it (the tolerance of H4 in ex-2.2.1). We quote the ratio. would rise above the bound.
The bound and the write on the contexts of the other ops, by slice, at three roles: the example
answers that do not fit difference, the query answer, and the largest over every other position. The
99% quantile of |α| as an angle, clean (the bound, solid) and as it arrives under the full edit (the
write, dashed), seed mean over eight runs of τ_ℓ fixed (seeds 712 to 719) and of falloff (704 to 711).
The edit acts at every slice, so the write at a slice is the α a state arrives with there, before the edit
at that slice takes e₁ out.
The write stays within the bound past the embedding. At the seed mean the largest ratio of write to bound is 1.09, at slice 1, position ?, where the bound is under a degree. Run by run, 34 sites of 768 go over the tolerance of ex-2.2.1, all where the bound is at most 3.5°, and none by more than 1.2°. That is about the same as on falloff.
| recipe | largest write / bound ↓ | where (bound) | sites over ↓ | largest bound there | largest excess |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
τ_ℓ fixed | 1.09 | slice 1, ? (0.3°) | 34 of 768 | 3.5° | 1.2° |
falloff | 1.08 | slice 1, ? (0.3°) | 28 of 768 | 4.2° | 1.7° |
The write against the bound past the embedding. The largest ratio of write to bound in angle on the seed mean, over every slice and position past the embedding, and where it falls. The sites over count slice and position pairs over all eight runs, each run taken on its own, where the write is more than 1.25× the bound (the tolerance of ex-2.2.1); the last two columns give the widest bound among them and the largest excess of the write over the bound there.
From slice 2 on, the other ops arrive with much less e₁ than the clean model gives them, as on falloff: at the example answers that do not fit, the write is 32% of the bound at slice 2 and 12% at slice 4. The edit-effects reportedit-effects report On falloff, the write stays within the clean bound, the drop is graded by the posterior, and the edited answers get about half of the way to the target null, with the shortfall in how the edited model weighs the other ops context by context. traced this to the edit at the slices before, which leaves each block nothing on e₁ to carry through. The block1-edit experimentblock1-edit experiment Block 1 writes about half of the evidence for the op onto e₁ at the example answers, as a judgement on each example, and the later blocks mostly add to the e₁ that arrives rather than computing it again. found why that is enough: the later blocks mostly add to the e₁ that arrives, rather than computing it again.
The bound itself has a different shape. On falloff it was widest at slice 1 at the example answers and narrowed with depth. On τ_ℓ fixed it widens to slice 3, to 38° against 22° on falloff, and the query answer does the same (60° against 39°). Taken run by run, the bound at the example answers at slice 3 is wider on τ_ℓ fixed by 18.8° (95% interval 0.2° to 37.5°). The interval only just clears zero, so the difference is suggestive rather than settled; the bound is wider at slice 3 than at slice 1 on 5 runs of τ_ℓ fixed and also on 3 of falloff.
A small tail sets the bound at slice 3. The median example answer that does not fit would turn by 2° there, while the share close to e₁ (|α| above 0.5) is 0.4% to 3.0% by run (0.3% to 2.9% on falloff).
The bound is the 99th percentile, so a tail near one in a hundred moves it a long way: it ranges from 12° to 71° across the runs of τ_ℓ fixed, and from 11° to 43° across those of falloff.
On 7 runs of 8, the contexts in the tail have about as little posterior on difference as the rest, as the edit-effects report found for a tail at the query answer on falloff. But the posterior counts only answers that fit exactly. The block1-edit experiment found that block 1 writes the evidence for the op as a judgement on each example, whether its answer fits difference on its operands, and that blocks 2 and 3 build on what block 1 writes. A judgement of that kind made from colors could be graded, giving an answer that nearly fits some of the weight of one that fits.
The tail fits that account. Of the answers in the tail, 27% to 71% by run are near missesNear miss An example answer that does not fit, but is one step of the color grid from an answer difference can give on its operands: one level away in one of the three channels of the 6 × 6 × 6 palette. About 4% of the example answers of other ops that do not fit are near misses. E4 reads the colors of the examples from the held-out set to find them., against about 4% of all the answers of other ops that do not fit (14% to 67% on falloff). The nearer an answer comes to one that fits, the more often it is in the tail, and the rate falls off steeply past one step of the grid (the table below). That does not come from how dark the answers are: in each quarter of them by darkness, near misses are in the tail 11% to 18% of the time, against about 1% for the rest.
grid steps from a difference answer | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| answers per run | 1,268 | 2,751 | 4,210 | 5,133 | 5,297 |
τ_ℓ fixed | 15.5% | 3.8% | 1.7% | 0.8% | 0.6% |
falloff | 7.3% | 2.0% | 1.2% | 0.7% | 0.5% |
How often an answer is in the tail, by how near it comes to fitting: of the example answers of the
other ops that do not fit difference, the share with |α| above 0.5 at slice 3 on the clean pass, by the number
of steps of the color grid to the nearest answer difference could give on its operands, pooled over the eight
runs of each recipe. One step is a near miss.
Much of the tail is the model taking a near miss as weak evidence for difference, and turning those states is partly removalRemoval The drop in expected exact match on difference under the edit, as a share of the way from the clean score to the target null. Higher is better. at work, as with the answers that fit. That leaves the rest of the tail unexplained, and does not say why the tail is larger on some runs than on others.
| answers of the other ops | emb | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
τ_ℓ fixed, do not fit | 4° → 4° | 27° → 26° | 33° → 11° | 38° → 5° | 23° → 3° |
τ_ℓ fixed, fit | 5° → 5° | 34° → 31° | 67° → 24° | 85° → 9° | 54° → 3° |
falloff, do not fit | 5° → 5° | 32° → 31° | 28° → 11° | 22° → 5° | 22° → 4° |
falloff, fit | 5° → 5° | 37° → 34° | 71° → 26° | 84° → 13° | 84° → 5° |
τ_ℓ fixed, query answer | 4° → 4° | 31° → 30° | 46° → 11° | 60° → 6° | 41° → 4° |
falloff, query answer | 5° → 5° | 34° → 33° | 39° → 11° | 39° → 6° | 42° → 4° |
The bound and the write at the answers of the other ops, by slice: arcsin |α| at the
99% quantile over those answers, clean → as it arrives under the full edit. Seed mean over eight runs,
each quantile taken per run and then averaged. An example answer fits when difference could give it on its
operands (2,112 answers per run, against 33,888 that do not); at the query answer only those that
do not fit count.
So the bound holds on the recipe of record in the sense of ex-2.2.1: the blocks after the edit put back less than the clean model has. Where the tail is large, the bound is loose: the turn we can state in advance at slice 3 is large for about one state of another op in a hundred, many of them near misses, though most turn by a couple of degrees. The spill of E1 stays low, so whatever the later blocks make of those turns costs the other ops little.
Discussion¶
On the recipe of record, the edit does what it did on falloff on every measure here, apart from the wider boundBound From the clean pass: arcsin of the 99% quantile of |α| over the states of the other ops at a slice and position, as an angle. It is how far the edit turns those states there. At the answers it counts only those that do not fit difference. at slice 3. It removes more of difference as the dose grows, and leaves the other ops alone at every dose. The drop on each context follows how much that context needed the op. And the blocks after the edit put back less e₁ than the clean model has. These are claims (b) and (d) of the design doc, now shown on the recipe of record at fresh seeds.
The landingLanding How far the edit moves the answers on difference contexts toward the target null: the share of the clean distance that it covers, in total variation. is where the edit falls short, as before. Pooled over contexts the edited model sends the mass of difference to the other ops in about the proportions of the target nullTarget null Where a removal should land: what an ideal predictor that had lost one op and nothing else would answer. It is the Bayes posterior over ops given the examples, with the removed op set to zero and the rest renormalized, so it still weighs the other ops by how well they fit., but context by context it weighs them differently.
With both recipes landing in the same place, the shortfall looks like a property of the model or of the edit rather than of the recipe. The sans-diff experimentsans-diff experiment A model trained with no loss on difference contexts lands a little closer to the target null than the edited τ_ℓ fixed runs, 0.58 of the way from the control against 0.50, and misses in the same kind of way, with much of the miss changing from run to run. points to the model: trained without difference, it lands only a little closer to the target null than the edited model, and misses in the same kind of way, sharing the mass among the other ops differently on each context and at each seed. The anchor and the edit add a smaller part on top, and the shortfall on lighten in the pooled matrices is part of what they add.
Two results add to what the edit-effects reportedit-effects report On falloff, the write stays within the clean bound, the drop is graded by the posterior, and the edited answers get about half of the way to the target null, with the shortfall in how the edited model weighs the other ops context by context. showed. RemovalRemoval The drop in expected exact match on difference under the edit, as a share of the way from the clean score to the target null. Higher is better. is nearly complete by three quarters of the full edit, so the full edit has some margin. And the bound at slice 3 is wider than on falloff on the seed mean, set by a tail of about one state of another op in a hundred that varies a lot between runs. Much of the tail is near missesNear miss An example answer that does not fit, but is one step of the color grid from an answer difference can give on its operands: one level away in one of the three channels of the 6 × 6 × 6 palette. About 4% of the example answers of other ops that do not fit are near misses. E4 reads the colors of the examples from the held-out set to find them. for difference, which the model seems to take as weak evidence for the op, so some of that turn is removal rather than a side effect. That does not change what the edit does to the answers here, but it makes the turn we can state in advance larger. If a later recipe spills, the tail at slice 3 would be a place to look.
References¶
- fixed confirmation
τ_ℓ fixedkeeps the anchor on all eight runs at seeds 712 to 719 and all forty in the count, with removal of 0.88 on the seed mean and no run near the spill criterion; it is the recipe of record.- anneal confirmation
- With the slice temperature annealing, the pool keeps the anchor on all eight runs at seeds 712 to 719; its controls at those seeds are the ones used here.
- edit-effects report
- On
falloff, the write stays within the clean bound, the drop is graded by the posterior, and the edited answers get about half of the way to the target null, with the shortfall in how the edited model weighs the other ops context by context. - sans-diff experiment
- A model trained with no loss on
differencecontexts lands a little closer to the target null than the editedτ_ℓ fixedruns, 0.58 of the way from the control against 0.50, and misses in the same kind of way, with much of the miss changing from run to run. - block1-edit experiment
- Block 1 writes about half of the evidence for the op onto e₁ at the example answers, as a judgement on each example, and the later blocks mostly add to the e₁ that arrives rather than computing it again.
- ex-2.2.22
- On an earlier recipe the edit got a little under half of the way to the target null, and the confusion matrices pooled over contexts put the mass about where the target null does.